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SSD Series

A solid state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. An SSD emulates a hard disk drive interface, thus easily replacing it in most applications. Recently, NAND based flash memory has become the standard for most SSD drive.

Most SSD manufacturers use non-volatile flash memory to create more rugged and compact devices for the consumer market. These flash memory-based SSD, also known as flash drives, do not require batteries. They are often packaged in standard disk drive form factors (1.8, 2.5, and 3.5 inch). In addition, non-volatility allows flash SSD to retain memory even during sudden power consumption, ensuring data persistence. SSD has more expensive capacity unit price than traditional hard disk drive, but SSD have no moving parts and short average seek times.

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In computing, a TRIM command allows an operating system to inform a solid state drive (SSD) which data blocks, such as those belonging to a deleted file or affected by a format command, are no longer considered in use and can be wiped internally.

TRIM enables the SSD to handle garbage collection overhead, that would otherwise significantly slow down future write operations to the involved blocks. In the other hand, unlike with traditional hard disks, it would be advantageous to tell the SSD when you delete files so that the SSD could delete the pages at the time of the delete instead of performing the entire block erase procedure when you want to write data. This is where the TRIM function comes in.

Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 support the TRIM function, which OS use this function when they detect that a file is being deleted from an SSD. When the OS deletes a file on an SSD, it updates the file system but also tells the SSD via the TRIM command which pages should be deleted. At the time of the delete, the SSD can read the block into memory, erase the block, and write back only pages with data in them, as illustrated here. The delete is slower, but you get no performance degradation for writes because the pages are already empty, and write performance is generally what you care about.

TRIM only improves performance when you delete files. If you are overwriting an existing file, TRIM doesn't help and you'll get the same write performance degradation as without TRIM.

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SLC SSD has better performance for small size data access and writes speed compared to MLC. Therefore, SLC SSD is recommended for installation of operating system purpose.

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SLC and MLC are both NAND-based non-volatile memory technologies.  Multi-Level Cell (MLC) NAND and Single-Level Cell (SLC) NAND offer capabilities that serve two very different types of applications.

MLC NAND Flash allows each memory cell to store two bits of information, compared to the one bit-per-cell SLC NAND Flash allows.  As a result, 90 nanometer (nm) MLC NAND offers a larger capacity (typically twice the density of SLC) and at a cost point appropriate for consumer products multi-function cell phones, digital cameras, USB drives and memory cards. 

Though SLC NAND offers a lower density, it also provides an enhanced level of performance in the form of faster write speeds.  Because SLC stores only one bit per cell, the likelihood for error is reduced. At 90 nanometer process, it is recommended to implement a 1 to 2-bit ECC for SLC, whereas 4-bit ECC is recommended on the MLC architecture. SLC also allows for longer write/erase cycle endurance and has a life expectancy rated at approximately 100,000 cycles, making it a better fit for use in applications requiring higher reliability, increased endurance and viability in multi-year product life cycles.

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It means time between failures (MTBF) is estimated at 1,000,000 power-on hours.

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ECC (error correcting code) allows data that is being read or transmitted to be checked for errors. It differs from parity-checking in that errors are not only detected but also corrected. ECC is increasingly being designed into data storage and transmission hardware as data rates (and therefore error rates) increase.

Error-correcting codes are frequently used in lower-layer communication, as well as for reliable storage in media such as CDs, DVDs, HDDs, and RAM.

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Mean time between failures (MTBF) is the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a system during operation. MTBF can be calculated as the arithmetic mean (average) time between failures of a system. The MTBF is typically part of a model that assumes the failed system is immediately repaired (zero elapsed time), as a part of a renewal process. This is in contrast to the mean time to failure (MTTF), which measures average time between failures with the modeling assumption that the failed system is not repaired.

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All storage product will display a lower than stated memory capacity when they are viewed on a computer. The reason for this discrepancy is the way in which SSD manufacturers calculate a megabyte of memory.

128GB = 128,000,000,000 Bytes , 1024Byte = 1KB
128,000,000,000/1024 = 125,000,000 KB , 1024KB= 1MB
125,000,000/1024
122070.31 MB , 1024MB= 1GB,
122070.31 /1024
119.2 GB
Therefore, the capacity of SSD x 0.93
Windows shown capacity.

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Before format, please backup all your data and make sure you select the correct drive. Following steps will show you how to format your SSD,

1.       Double-click on my computer 

2.       Right-click on the drive letter associated with your SSD, then select format.

3.       Select a file system type (NTFS / FAT/ FAT32 / exFAT).

4.       Click start.

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Before format, please backup all your data and make sure you select the correct drive. The following instructions will guide you how to use device manager to format.

1.           Right-click on my computer and select manage.

2.           Click on disk management.

3.           Right-click on your correct device, and select format.

4.           Confirmation dialog will be showed on screen, click yes to continue.

5.           Choose your file format and click ok to continue.

6.           Confirmation dialog will be showed on screen again, click cancel to give up format process, click ok to continue your format process.

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The ExpressCard module comes in two sizes. The ExpressCard/34 is 34 mm wide, while the ExpressCard/54 is 54 mm wide. The modules are both 5 mm high and 75 mm long. The 34 mm module has the advantage in that it can fit into the slot designed for the 54 mm card, but not versa. The ExpressCard simply slots into a USB interface that is already integrated on most desktop computers and notebooks.

System developers have welcomed the ExpressCard technology with open arms because of the number of benefits it offers. The cards pair expansion facility with higher performance, using less space. The technology also supports future implementations and high performance technology, and helps to drive down the cost due to standardization. The ExpressCard has gained support from most of today's leading technology manufacturers.

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The older PC Cards PCMCIA came in 16-bit and the later 32-bit CardBus designs.

The major benefit of the ExpressCard over the PCMCIA CardBus PC card is more bandwidth, due to the ExpressCard's direct connection to the system bus over a PCI Express x1 lane and USB 2.0, while CardBus cards only interface with PCI. The Express Card has a maximum throughput of 2.5 Gbit/s through PCI Express and 480 Mbit/s through USB 2.0 dedicated for each slot, while all CardBus devices connected to a computer share a total 1.06 Gbit/s bandwidth.

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